![]() |
| https://overthewire.org/wargames/bandit/ |
GIỚI THIỆU
Trong phạm vị của an ninh mạng thì CTF là trò chơi (hoặc cuộc thi) chuyên sâu dành cho tất cả những người tham gia từ chuyên đến không chuyên hoặc có đam mê với an ninh mạng muốn thử sức. Trong CTF người chơi sẽ phải vượt qua những thử thách bằng việc vận dụng những kiến thức hiểu biết và gợi ý để tìm ra lời giải.
NỘI DUNG
![]() |
| overthewire.org |
THỰC HÀNH
BanditThe Bandit wargame is aimed at absolute beginners. It will teach the basics needed to be able to play other wargames. If you notice something essential is missing or have ideas for new levels, please let us know!
Level 0
The goal of this level is for you to log into the game using SSH. The host to which you need to connect is bandit.labs.overthewire.org, on port 2220. The username is bandit0 and the password is bandit0. Once logged in, go to the Level 1 page to find out how to beat Level 1
ssh bandit0@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220
Level 0 → Level 1
The password for the next level is stored in a file called readme located in the home directory. Use this password to log into bandit1 using SSH. Whenever you find a password for a level, use SSH (on port 2220) to log into that level and continue the game.
ls [tùy chọn]... [tệp]...
cat [tùy chọn]... [tệp]...
Level 1 → Level 2
The password for the next level is stored in a file called - located in the home directory
SSH: ssh bandit1@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: NH2SXQwcBdpmTEzi3bvBHMM9H66vVXjL
Level 2 → Level 3
The password for the next level is stored in a file called spaces in this filename located in the home directory
bandit2@bandit:~$ cat "spaces in this filename" bandit2@bandit:~$ cat spaces\ in\ this\ filename
Level 3 → Level 4
The password for the next level is stored in a hidden file in the inhere directory.
SSH: ssh bandit3@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: aBZ0W5EmUfAf7kHTQeOwd8bauFJ2lAiG
Level 4 → Level 5
The password for the next level is stored in the only human-readable file in the inhere directory. Tip: if your terminal is messed up, try the “reset” command.
SSH: ssh bandit4@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: 2EW7BBsr6aMMoJ2HjW067dm8EgX26xNe
Level 5 → Level 6
The password for the next level is stored in a file somewhere under the inhere directory and has all of the following properties:human-readable1033 bytes in sizenot executable
Level Answer
find . size 1033c
cat ./maybehere07/.file2
Level 6 → Level 7
The password for the next level is stored somewhere on the server and has all of the following properties:owned by user bandit7owned by group bandit633 bytes in size
SSH: ssh bandit6@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: P4L4vucdmLnm8I7Vl7jG1ApGSfjYKqJU
- owned by user bandit7
- owned by group bandit6
- 33 bytes in size
find / -user bandit7 -group bandit6 -size 33c
- /: Có nghĩa là đường dẫn root của máy.
- user: Tùy chọn tìm chủ sở hữu của tệp tin.
- group: Tùy chọn tìm nhóm mà tệp thuộc về.
- size: Tùy chọn tìm kích thước của tập tin c có nghĩa bytes (tham khảo tại explainshell.com).
Nội dung:
bandit6@bandit:~$ find / -user bandit7 -group bandit6 -size 33c find: ‘/etc/ssl/private’: Permission denied find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied find: ‘/etc/multipath’: Permission denied find: ‘/root’: Permission denied find: ‘/boot/efi’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/spool/bandit24’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/spool/cron/crontabs’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/spool/rsyslog’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/lib/ubuntu-advantage/apt-esm/var/lib/apt/lists/partial’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/lib/snapd/cookie’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/lib/snapd/void’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/lib/private’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/lib/chrony’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/lib/polkit-1’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/lib/apt/lists/partial’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/partial’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/lib/amazon’: Permission denied /var/lib/dpkg/info/bandit7.password find: ‘/var/log’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/cache/private’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/cache/pollinate’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/cache/apparmor/30d07b40.0’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/cache/apparmor/a4dd844e.0’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/cache/apt/archives/partial’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/cache/ldconfig’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/tmp’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/snap/lxd/common/lxd’: Permission denied find: ‘/var/crash’: Permission denied find: ‘/sys/kernel/tracing’: Permission denied find: ‘/sys/kernel/debug’: Permission denied find: ‘/sys/fs/pstore’: Permission denied find: ‘/sys/fs/bpf’: Permission denied find: ‘/proc/tty/driver’: Permission denied find: ‘/proc/3141118/task/3141118/fd/6’: No such file or directory find: ‘/proc/3141118/task/3141118/fdinfo/6’: No such file or directory find: ‘/proc/3141118/fd/5’: No such file or directory find: ‘/proc/3141118/fdinfo/5’: No such file or directory find: ‘/home/bandit31-git’: Permission denied find: ‘/home/drifter8/chroot’: Permission denied find: ‘/home/drifter6/data’: Permission denied find: ‘/home/bandit27-git’: Permission denied find: ‘/home/bandit5/inhere’: Permission denied find: ‘/home/bandit30-git’: Permission denied find: ‘/home/bandit29-git’: Permission denied find: ‘/home/bandit28-git’: Permission denied find: ‘/home/ubuntu’: Permission denied find: ‘/tmp’: Permission denied find: ‘/dev/mqueue’: Permission denied find: ‘/dev/shm’: Permission denied find: ‘/lost+found’: Permission denied find: ‘/snap’: Permission denied find: ‘/drifter/drifter14_src/axTLS’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/chrony’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11531’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11031’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11530’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11009’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11011’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11030’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11017’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11007’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11002’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11019’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/8002’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11022’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11015’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11003’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11027’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11001’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11021’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11000’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11004’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11006/systemd/inaccessible/dir’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11025’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11023’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11008’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11016’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11014’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11020’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11024’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11005’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11032’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11013’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/user/11012’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/sudo’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/screen/S-bandit0’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/screen/S-bandit33’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/screen/S-bandit14’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/screen/S-bandit25’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/screen/S-bandit24’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/screen/S-bandit21’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/screen/S-bandit19’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/screen/S-bandit23’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/screen/S-bandit20’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/multipath’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/cryptsetup’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/lvm’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/credentials/systemd-sysusers.service’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/systemd/propagate’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/systemd/unit-root’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/systemd/inaccessible/dir’: Permission denied find: ‘/run/lock/lvm’: Permission denied bandit6@bandit:~$
find / -user bandit7 -group bandit6 -size 33c 2>/dev/null
NOTE: Trong Linux có khái niệm mô tả tệp tin là File Descriptor
Redirection là tính năng cho phép chuyển hướng đầu vào/đầu ra (INPUT/OUTPUT) trong hệ điều hành Linux. Redirection cho phép chúng ta thay đổi đầu vào tiêu chuẩn (stdin) và đầu ra tiêu chuẩn (stdout) khi thực hiện một lệnh trên terminal. Theo mặc định, thiết bị đầu vào tiêu chuẩn là bàn phím của bạn và thiết bị đầu ra tiêu chuẩn là màn hình của bạn. Ví dụ như bạn cần lưu lại toàn bộ output hiển thị ra màn hình của câu lệnh nmap ra 1 file thì lúc này tính năng chuyển hướng sẽ giúp bạn.
Mọi chương trình chạy từ dòng lệnh trên Linux đều có ba luồng dữ liệu được kết nối với nó để phục vụ như các kênh giao tiếp với môi trường bên ngoài. Các luồng này được định nghĩa như sau:
- Standard Input (STDIN) : Định nghĩa dữ liệu được đưa vào chương trình tương ứng 0.
- Standard Output (STDOUT) : Đầu ra từ chương trình (mặc định là terminal) tương ứng 1.
- Standard Error (STDERR) : Thông báo lỗi (mặc định là terminal) tướng ứng 2.
Redirection (sử dụng toán tử > và <) kết nối các luồng này giữa các chương trình và tệp.
- A > B: Gửi kết quả của A đến B (lưu).
- A >> B: Thêm kết quả của A vào dữ liệu hiện có của B.
- A < B: Nhập dữ liệu từ B vào A (lệnh).
Level 7 → Level 8
The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt next to the word millionth
SSH: ssh bandit7@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: z7WtoNQU2XfjmMtWA8u5rN4vzqu4v99S
bandit7@bandit:~$ cat data.txt | more gallop hu3ZhCrGRvfaO5jsY6ttvApzVCA2Hjvs Aurelia's ikl4F3cK5m6Cl6HAxva6zUAVJhI2Cvc6 stoicism JiW9ts44udf20bJHe8H5dS1c99Muwz42 embodies vWheZcAsQHZNnerI3ViW8wqOKIx0kbgR Plato dW2U8E5FfuAvNLdGDupP8GAxr922ZV0x cultivation A90E75jvWbEKrijFxM4GxqHEw8c8U2Bf stable omR4PHolFwbI0IEJsanveA21yWvFy8a7 bedspread VlBFxuEDi3phEpljbKbahRJvJxfh3k9M oppressing hQTiEm5XF3cUQSEiBjh7sekemLOKBrcJ darnedest 9O2zdCLKVoW5u34P9T7EKTZXcMRE6xh5 quenching t5Xkurqb7pOHr6zAqdgQKhz7GuVH0NV4 tumblers QG2UgYNyImG6ai9Wy3d1WEAtAz0yfFvX border's eKrzWR3oQNI2srIovGWPbIEF6yTTyRXq needle DszgA8lLo4NDQgMmYulAZdkikEmRsmhm Diane's ZKQTqay3ffmyPT68YuvciGRiHGH3hoMp windburns DzaAGZG7HfjALPJSARJoSG0yIAPpghiU enlargement 0tQ8QTZjk2qyUUfWDas6EpajrE5H5vmP porcupines 9l3VGo6ns1Th5SX8fn91EeY3KnesmTpw Reasoner iS9aYnUBFeJW88iGDFdN2JMQSxs3dEeJ debugging tv0VgQpOyuPNK4l1IK0iH5fw3nOQIif5 vine xIU9W9Y97CMydAL9W6GrH7SrENHmqOcT scatters K7G7YUuumRF1NKWpCbalKRyihZM6Xqzu squander pCrZh4TZ2aw1MTwvCqMXZ5KCGba2ZGRt grad CptdO0dXyekUf7eSz5r8iMjQeO8SFqtz trawled tjwMUYQVTohgzoCT5AplxhAvGUz1qQ8P backyard's MaGl75kuJ5I5igQcYHsdq0s8plk3lxFj pyromaniac mUBX0HWneu3VyZ6JFwSCDlCCoPR5IZlt Yeats's AR6WQn6NtlpBbCf9REQABSPpCbI9U3YZ eggheads LLiUkhTsAD1eq1MqcwQOsZU7jDIL6jNc alleviate LSyu95zIJL1cp8Tra0eqDlD3hR38xerr Casey's bi6amdFL5R9SgsXtuJogwA34wgmFI5lt inattention ve4jcKUjx5hxzZKQ87tHu6STbylqtJpF --More--
grep [tùy chọn] [biểu thức] [tên tệp]
Pipe (sử dụng toán tử | ) được dùng để chuyển lệnh, đầu ra của lệnh này là đầu vào của lệnh kia.
pipe A | B - Output (STDOUT) của chương trình A sẽ thành input (STDIN) của chương trình B, kết quả của A không được in ra màn hình mà được chuyển thành input của B.
Ở level này ta có text gợi ý là 'millionth' chính là chuỗi cụ thể trong trường hợp này.
bandit7@bandit:~$ cat data.txt | grep 'millionth'
The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt and is the only line of text that occurs only once
SSH: ssh bandit8@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: TESKZC0XvTetK0S9xNwm25STk5iWrBvP
bandit8@bandit:~$ cat data.txt
uniq [tùy chọn]
Dùng để xóa các dòng liên tiếp trùng lặp trong một tệp văn bản. Tuy nhiên uniq yêu cầu các dòng trùng lặp phải liên tiếp, nên chúng ta thường chạy sắp xếp trước.
Tùy chọn -c, --count : Đếm theo số lần xuất hiện.
sort [tùy chọn]
bandit8@bandit:~$ cat data.txt | sort | uniq -c
Nội dung:
bandit8@bandit:~$ cat data.txt | sort | uniq -c
10 18DyjwhN856SsMx8bNrFSvr6rJxNQKhE
10 1iyGemEgn3qUOOFcAJyGPHOiewqZyp1y
10 2CQ5DQRdtoe9Ft8YpMHqCwQcN1Bk9lCI
10 365RauAVsFlxktPMpoLtIf1uxijU1TfV
10 4K2MoVHd1gXfoOdDjvlaRxFNZwmi4A4C
10 52p0CnGhAvm4m3fPKqz9mTxVDeVYCvnG
10 5Y76FifuxKStZi4CVovF2uPhgLrZnLzG
10 7A4l2BI3lPJgNdWAmyXAGlfB8uvCQLX0
10 8cxarYi5VoKRj3lzo2baLOJaMgUtzoRH
10 97Qwmy18JE8aGIud1stpTsOrOtUMHeGI
10 9d8exmGtSsGcU1gz6HmqTfSxmnmI4FBo
10 A16BW831T94qcsYcGDSkgzYhxnX2xUdK
10 aAd8RbcAAGVRifo0gE2x1nPIGH2fjgZi
10 ahwL1iJ5EDLt9wpBjrP2DY8pv6FLdrLy
10 AiYd84lOOVTA4gqJPX7f6DH8eG3zwq1W
10 aniL5AEkrKcj4mFR1ujwPZdtF4z1SAin
10 b0XUx8jfeWYAUGlnOGGAyVRxdNziM4SF
10 bJDV41So5UyGPR98w9x5pX6nqWsOU2ra
10 br26ueVSoLeZd8HqErTJpNVCtwFufHGO
10 BVego1OuHFYy1glUiCH3m5dQxEPV8D6d
10 bWO8QplAdUvLTPoI07UdQc6zKvON0WS3
10 cEqNrEqHVIIi9fQKdcvAxaip1brmsSxT
10 Dml3j9ydZQj13Q6xVRPHVuMhD9pt0NbT
10 drJxnp5fJxeVRYlCldsIEtrEEwBdyRIL
10 eJZcdtHKg9jLpvpK9v31Fj1opqlA1A9k
1 EN632PlfYiZbn3PhVK3XOGSlNInNE00t
10 eNdwlpf6iBeQ3o11iHefoHd9GYKDTIfQ
10 euIPhAiMI8n0DxPCbaAhJ9RTBO3fX4UE
10 EzkkJebPKsBh9ERGT3vffA2NhTMCbFS5
10 EzyaXOFuwjlARDRsbctadMvVgZA1y1Sj
10 fGJ2YQ92lVRRgQ9dC0TiLEMacCsw8Lm9
10 FJS8eDt5xeeyabbeEqyRV9W8uQ62BYnX
10 FQIgwPiuPKftkFhIy9Nzm94sWdNGTlHd
10 fuBEcq8TyETrSmuD2yQRmvp42K2jlWdH
10 fWBv5AzQI14holge9okDaOvrgL7NGNTr
10 gAAoAApNgD1pS0c9OTGWdsGTIwRDgY0M
10 gOtGle2Dg1bG8UaS5hN6CjIF14eGM4Qu
10 GuRn8oi7ecl8kSzTh1GrlHXhcFaNBF7f
10 H4ZQ34QTyLVVE6Q8nSQVQjtt7gAVztVX
10 hA2abugfwKD5OEdFW4hSBacALoJiJSKg
10 HbIahMn0Q6vzNgo1RFXG7GPp8nQ9OO56
10 HmDZyN0zxPJAkwcaZKhru6S9vFbGuJOg
10 hWy3uJOV7nE8P26AjcCusGfgHo5ILfM6
10 i7Ith55pB4DL8SoytpbodUwBodotTGjk
10 JDr0GA5HspKsYLSpdOBCH6kHT71czynh
10 jL32h6jpv6GGSCRoDBAyECslrqkJQkm7
10 Kbv13vGt7e4r4KFPCw688NivbBr5K1hs
10 kjIuqjobFBhKw9Mmfj2wAnWbXB2VxSfv
10 kkhCyItNHN3wnTVqmE8C3PcZgbVCWuYt
10 KkwvIeB3CtYvsxjslESZwkR589n51cEY
10 KYISscbRkhzx8A10I54jgdbq1sEO98lG
10 l7nwMDTwlZ2ahsqs9EiiiU1zS9oiuTXK
10 LR92hMCqRihyASXr5srJ041d0WUVbdee
10 m1vKmRXwPcZQsvRfjAPA1Oq7haLmy4uu
10 mrgF9gEkQXZKe9E58QfdKcZtG22tMIly
10 mTYRseor14aRwbazgTmVVgM4mDOkZJJ4
10 mvfnErC75MoKu7FCjV75ny7r5v3hPtvN
10 NCO6mwiQQx2Xct00hxWfynfWyAnFLkgZ
10 nj1s0u8MNekTeuJ7dLQW31zwtsRdHLQe
10 NRPT61QwcINsfTDrLO2dpFUhayZehqT0
10 nyPmwN4SQuTg8M8Cx4anpQQMLvwBsycz
10 NzjErDvr4xRMBJox5tSJsGuBGF9Ini2S
10 P8jd7Kr8GXVKTLhe1Y7cVYAARwh4lN4A
10 piYrfvTU6JmxKJlXgfsGnMBc2expvE8Q
10 PQ0a8vewEyqcaKm7P21uKO88lpXupIMi
10 pVukrvfmtzHjUQkr4j8N4ri6lWOMbDYj
10 pWagnmV56wxV241gY75RPloSDlRTWOA7
10 q519Xqdlz3wnk3tjmiqzxZRB2rdsYv5o
10 Q5jKs4g4YYQtlgCfRZ5Joh9jwRAtN4Q0
10 qcm9OMrZwofpcM8CsuTffc9LKRp50Bwk
10 qtUQnuIjoLTNwviHPE6yULyPEVUuag5K
10 Qu5gLayacFzgkk6Qy2aAY9tMvAAMm8vh
10 Rlaj8VWIHkYsAg42TsFplgAd4ekjgR2X
10 RyLqqJ3d9ocx0ICbF5x9pMiXPAqXtxoH
10 s4KiXmQhsCpX4zbIDIeVWKaRJWHwYaHm
10 swXvCokPAhVazCnl9rPeLXWYHIC5yj8h
10 t4924Or8OK04Bd6NSXPwlGRaYWcG2pfo
10 t9IKaY2XcYiDkUXvWE2JOZKIdZvpDXt3
10 tbwqIearQexlJbmkwluaaa7ZoPXLSuXe
10 TCXcLHZOAPbd1osXWeuNqltMylxtlUVr
10 TM3NCu6BEfCirP0jPZxtUm8NX2ypTAF5
10 TOWEeiT4P5TcGnZ2pyG63NKEvTm0MdPg
10 tUlwNyLyJjRiFaj4n0oN5cvoUlJKpW8m
10 TzjPxJ7VQMAEB3R4cvQOOq6jrOKelLQe
10 uw9mhc4SblNVn8TcIR202ar0ejoUv1bX
10 vlsSKqk3yVx2PZxIkBuZPR3KKIf8hGi1
10 Vpj0ntqaDt8nWZL7Hf7QKJX8okOqoI79
10 vwy1ljezuLueU0DgNTKf4ODgnSKmspJA
10 WcJIGAlq3VP6b0d7uGzMEjv8awnJst1n
10 WMgbyqEed5iHRvsI5bVMypuXlQh1dkIJ
10 x18U8IZqzElHvbzuvBIkLHoX60JnsIH6
10 X7oolq8RgTxDAJVn6XqHZqQsIXWT5ebi
10 XRTmJCR9zWNbTt7xZyeqIjH1u1TM1qDx
10 xtcg9IZotPgfR7qGI8V0jd7L6XErPgih
10 YIcCD3TC5p6UKk44dVtyHktC7DjFm2jf
10 YMFh71LtzL97GBBRng0YQUmKm4fsVYDO
10 yPrvV3lIXlttYCnHE6NILDZWmlMiUIcK
10 YQEGfxSoUTNa0rT9aDX7SvFM9nlt8h6z
10 yqKbkKmzg8RV8v3GbtfuMktHvWoVDLo6
10 zOTIYMCpuvJ0DZGzoEwqIYc19SkIVQdl
10 zwhYlyTRS3mNMsud9hapW5MDorCIGM0r
bandit8@bandit:~$bandit8@bandit:~$ cat data.txt | sort | uniq -c | grep "1 "
Level 9 → Level 10
The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt in one of the few human-readable strings, preceded by several ‘=’ characters.
SSH: ssh bandit9@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: EN632PlfYiZbn3PhVK3XOGSlNInNE00t
bandit9@bandit:~$ cat data.txt | grep "="
Nội dung:
bandit9@bandit:~$ cat data.txt | grep -a "="
~��Mk���Axڋ��k��;�▒Jb��mi���~�]��]㹩�ux��R~&�����4SA&l"����x� 6m�q���bf��s���~n�����n����
��~��=�|ڱ|J�<��=��u��ڷV���1�`�;�s��g�M-�2k���h�(��1�o�0;T�}��DE*'3�i,���x�ʤ��i▒Sn3�6E�p:���M���O!�d����tW������]��]4&�7�FR^+�6ư�������#
d��w�'q�Ԇ
��x�)�,V��*"�3��_�3+2)`��5HF���x[
�▒��=����؇���t6�c���89���⟢V2$�ky�N��� ��ۏ_\��7���q@v���~�▒�%�٣c?G�o��h��xkj
u+Z��^gjb��
���ޑ�NE���u�zVC&�=�pH���O�`��=2""L(�hR"�!�4�D����ڡ�'�%n�z����o��ۼ�w������b��`����Qu:qo�O���ɴ��W�k��
h��>3;�02��
"x����$�WI��G���gq��B�ș�q6�p�|r9����K�|��[�l������#0jb�7u��uf`e�Y�▒o� ?>��?�▒��F��){�x%�1�c3 ��l�XQz�U0��
��O-@����E�8�jr��i��$�]�:[������x]T========== theG)"�)<�!G���{��X8�?��5�&���O:�@N��s~�i\6�Xz ����==��S�igy�����>�m���P�I�ݰ���C+x�[ڋ�e▒22�a�
�|�S;��g�`���y�����v�t����Vt!�ö�▒��!^��z:G����'=�Na>O6�A��Pݰ������)sJ-�[4����E����|����t���R��ݕ�*t� J��v'��j�,�������A��f'�Ee~z�~b�oLq�$��(�en�|����=��_�RQ3����J���$M(J�h����MIh'�%�J��;�h���Z>���"V�@+}��4��-��A�!�▒R_/�ZXq���a�ئ��▒��'�5f6;ph�ƚ3A��8��9!�T��(����!4�#�ӆF����
�
�Crh� �ո�E�W�k�E�x�:|����▒�Yu���rlk�V�I�@#�{��]}��CJWǘZ�
�tW�@
��wp��I/]0���P�&���2��;Y�M���(X�7�w��r'�,`���R�`���*mFvņ�(D�▒Σ�h\g�
!�Z`"掼�����T~C�g����%_��Z&�v`_�O
rH����w@�-��`�G��'�Q)\ c�<��e�7��,���f��Ae�5�(p!Z4HC��LcI�;z$▒y?���D[L)Y�5/��cs�pR}�`▒ɏEy>��k'Y92V���NyRe�$������?��rv�������3��LJ�▒Vݛ���mP�y�Dm#{��.�hQ�||���6M��▒����j�
G����C���Ӑ���T�����_��G|����@2%�$���b��q;r[s1w��.t�:�Z[o<A{���@߅�������I�j�SP�{�Uit��ցGe�!ܠ�l�4��;�zVl��9���▒2����܂���Ɉb_�1
�С'{��/��HK���)uf�IhQ���P"�i��;GG�b��mt1�S▒q4����ۉ��-�^(��j"f<��5SC>u�җ¬��G����E�z�L��Ʈ�v`�l�<���G ���&&�3}pU�1��)���s���wD/��m/iJ@i�v�0\��Pܞ�[Zm���z�d�ӚҜ�b;3g!\[���F�▒��@H�V �T��@dwO�▒�Z�<% Q�FH�a��@�▒ϜL6�#��%���bO)�=�+������mLF�D�Pb����4���!I'��vP�mi�� �E���Ъ�2��F"cJ�@�����J_���u�e��40Uç��.20�F6 |�v
r�':���w�@d���������:�����P�b���)��;,��t0.�gX��J_r8M����XG���lC��Q5Y�Ү�\2�1�@��Rv(��D����(x��jD"�����O&�<��<�X1�e��Q�V���jm���,�L�-��T1��L���l��&�[��a�ـ�0�g��>�J]M?ʾ#6�1�Ά��&�� ��/���]ύ�P�����F���c����$@�y��1G�l�5��?������I
V���
▒���aL�P4�K !��|��9�D��,+�K�vz�gk���0�3@�2{��0@
`4���o�H'Ce��*����yE�p��6��5���|V7o��_���WG~�z��l�n����g��u��b�}'?�Ơ��Ɵ�I��Ϡ���@9��}�i�-W��q;�'�C&▒Xy\����▒�+�{���_����� �U5&g���ClѨi0��� ��
bx�q�ծ�c��LK��<!O��o�=C����9۷"j�j ����V����1=O�w����Sn\|�@�C���_�H��, ���2VL����A��9�&=�i��ݔ
� F��|��
���J��5`����.��r�%�%�z�C��GN6�Yǵ��l�lC0��P�+|+�ӝ37���'��2�����~��]џ]�!4����P�*�<a�{�Xh+��1H��Ȍ"��>o�U,9���R�A��6ԓ��E�v�ƾS��[�0Ŋ�#w9����J�.���1�%��t'�{�1;�N▒��
�[_�▒�0���Q'F���Q#���k��&��Wm��Y!J��-��p▒đ��{�g�2���!z�������6O������▒8�z��},�h�Cy�QU����K�I�}L���8O�|\oYK}�▒��u��t���@phW!�k�o�⒭"�u��d�g��s���I�����g��B��U�f��^�Z�+a,>��M�Ţ�L�lp^�[�<2�l=�h���Į��p�$w���!{�c�@����.uJf?,�
qN
lIyS��߅�����
�`v<�12�B����s�T'IM�[����wh�������1)��S�VB�p��dZ�3iŪ.▒��@�es
���9� �1�Ri_��w�i�a�Jꋿ
(&L��_-`�_����"`�����pY��Ĭ"��/Q�'�������c]�r�2I-Yr�@���˪�RD�w-�S+���驄��-���
fKV�`�3�▒��pH����Z�e�G0C�5�%���cr�L�2�y����aڲ����ʆwF#ɩ/���A�~�ʯ▒[\3Ӥ���ʾe`��%�72���'d\Wx*�s(��~��Y�p��Y
2�Y��j��%��ނ�^T����:�j+!]�P� ��?��ˍ.�7�▒��8��u��/���Vcod)))17��8a�7�e�}���t^�������m+!4�r=����5��0�W|���@Y�M��▒����Z�{�����Ȳ��#1^�r:Wzm�0
.��T9�j��~�E�L�v�$U_ZCn��uO��e5�j�:*�����O8rP}c�/:���J���Sɂ
���l?���? Wv��3X����{�▒$����6���.2n�@|�Π���~���:��hN�GE
����� �Y�u����q��I��4��▒�������-��D�K?�
L�H<4���*ҝ{�U2���\~�7�""�#�\,�nc�D�]Ҟd���Կ�r��\w����9(bE������E��$▒<�{aN��#ȿ����k*��
�{��\nF���<��D� �M�f*I�`��@oݗn�ײ�p�n��Y�����x�n��▒���ۓ�4j\9�n:�J�Va���K��▒+ ����f��Z9�)��Q�Ѻ?��r��.���O[��6�^FS�========== passwordk^�ټ�����1>���jg�▒S�>�����5~�I▒�-�"��G|�����6L�"�� �T�'�����j�T=������2_�q+T6(�p
'
Po5���(D�&�U�rd��G�|����K�I|��
�1���7#���*Ȇ?���q��F�42��Rj�\�i9lM�\������c@���p�n���m=����٫ ��U������Cա�y▒���l�'����F)��[k"�rZЎ���d�-'�o'|��'�&����6k�fJ
RLYۯZ:�▒=0��jbi$�W��yB����9��*u��aN�9���Ke�O�
���n:Q�8�[�X1mW��S#5▒�_��3�ܓS�HWV���t��"���7�h?�e���bN�$�8s��#��& ��,����?S��_�K;'����� ���P�
��B·�U��kx��ݝ7�<���)�C��)����İu�YX��^��+h�����ꅾXP��Qs�Z�-���Q$XG��k��
�(�W�P��H���Q�q �/�����M����NNg������
!���~0r�ڍu�H��ʪ��՟�٦��{�ۄ����U�!��!���
0o�Ԉ�sf���@S�uf>�F�2�ܟ����V����{s0�Η�t�����
�▒A��� n~�f�%f��aW�4FLW�2�P�▒^��������[���!▒�w�hL�W�▒�v�=�����^��R�|��'��j_�(����Z}�4���3ˆ�~���������
��qz�s�
2�W�h*kT▒����5������~q���S��e��nq>�I��3��^X#i��
�!�▒6�-���S({����z8Wp�a ͻ"��N��Y=xW��e5x@V.|�Z��i��`�,8z ▒�����: (��O�g{�u�d�Z�[{���B��-Cg�"^+ak�q�
�qE�s�t%=q����,�_��9u=����腄��s�A�e�&��<�0lp%h��r▒B��S��0�R,:Ú�k@`����O�rߴ&▒��=j���!D^�t�ܔ{�H#�
�T����T�p#fz:�LJ�r*;�o#�E�hϻ��/]��&x��:!�Oη��[%ug�Z��▒hݹkj��D����▒ZH���Ed����ZE������4K�?�p������z�iw?������J�������^`t d�;T��ڪ`��M�T�/�j�M�Ł��$����O�Ms▒h��������8��========== is�w
.�Ze�x��J���i���_qhlbw���X�yϪ�.�-3������7�T�����
x|g3��~+��g:+���OKjq▒��3Y(ʅ\���n��Q�>��W�Ү��A�m4�6�p�����(��nQ@o��)��m~
:����s��3e�P$.H�m��g���h�I@���çKn:�UE�d���f9+���y�7s0��M�
��4=}D3뎩I�lN��f8!1�q�A�C�Rj��
���g�}�����,�y:��i1B��(1���B�L�_� �[55�"▒���տ�Iyޚ�����o� �~��w�c��ï�v"1�8����� �v�n�&ђ�,�93�a
j@f��<�y�Cz!z�EQ�"߀^�t����]����!ʧl3��S����x�&Ʊ��D�k�Y�Z�}�xȖxl�קqu��$�
���.ފ+RP��6U4��n��~;ie���u���E'x{�O�▒�%Yf`�`��y�r?�oȼMݣ�o�I�Ht}9�',�6���]k
��6�Q��P!B�9?��Q� Nѫ,x���S�3��ez���G]��ז��^\��<��.ښu_��
��#� #�=��M�}b�#�}��0*u����ٶ^�
���^��.���۔�n*����Gߪ��_��Z��28)HEĜ-x4�▒}B�r�W\�Q^����]�g�'�B
g!!�lw�y[���Ͳ�J��� bp��^X� "�l�E�T4_+D`���$��:S{��
E��|�|���V)��5ۆ��ݳ������O�?R��;�u�z��У�->>�U����?�A�������l<Z�W��3Zt�eȩ{1\=�I�|�gZ4�=b���@�_M�I��y�u▒^�Y�
Dӣ
O���sZ���.
l�
d�踧����l�
���
�EO�1�� �94%?A�����K�XB����d��� Vi�R�|��A=��▒0
��T:�.��n����!�l=�j��o��`a���� �U2��(��gM�F�b8r��M�9���x�n�����xKݲ=W��);��
�W��a���j��gC��B��\������a��I��=:���cH?������� v���&�`��q.6U��3���a5���7�Z��X�f�'��!<$G/�O��G�[
1G����#�-�U,K����Kr�q�A�)Scn`�3/�^{RWQ���I�3��c���σ�����=��lZ���^�d��Q$���W������"��7�Xl�t�ʭC�x��F=�\���4 ��T�Z�|T�x��X�)��hl��[h���$]0�����}���O�O
�~O���*��▒��:�^4��*��Yt�Ka'��hW��*�+,p*�▒��9-N�������ؤ��j��QeN$hL]�����Ʌ�?"���:���9�ȯ߄kx��ff
/�N��(\er9�eLRpm�FC&=z����p]>�?�,��#�5@jj~�<�����]������i�!N�����
��U�ơ�d�ur�6���<�v�=��7��>������(���}�ҡR�R��A�����`��Cs|��1ҕ��fw���i�dLz�d��{S;�c��▒�A�=
��-��▒~#�@4G��JݙW��BaZ[ˬ�▒�)�>����A���nZ8h���)����H
�^n���#IH>a��[�)��8���Fe-�����.��*���O���R�P�����P�Y���^�NZ�O��@��-Vt�����0��(d�_��[Y|��|�#:n-��_�▒�q�&&���F���:ɅP��*X4ӥ���9w������v7�Fu��1���p�������P)��@U�;��l{-B�pxg���< 7�h���R�f��ß�0��xΣ�▒�IN��c�����3���)��w����'���
�W�|_M�=�ƽ��MT�K�9��|�▒�����▒�J��)��A?�#�����=��S�����D���WO�
R�((W,�ñ,)�4��������
TO���_�5B��l*r[�p/�Y��|YNЬL:��Pu�b���{=/�CO
n1��|���
uq'�|Vč�ET��
�j�QYSGd��7�c)�%@���
�����0����O��,�8(!7 ]_؉���LA碪�x�b�[
��d���LZ÷/��:��9WU���k0���,��P�����V��G3#"��Y���v�R������G�.��Q�
����Ԁ▒R.7��Ŭ▒�StG�;��������sW'�v�A;��8����=Y!m����HC可h=ݰa�e�mA�p3\�8!��^��
��
�i�
�zQ���/e��Ȏ�{B��TIKg
u�KULna��e��J_h���0vy����<(o�Vs*�&@��/��▒����[+��R��e�*E�▒�8�^���A����W�(D��\�-��?�S�߅gn#M
�!;(��?��s
La���;�4!v;�=���8R�G��{�S����Zxl�\c.Q>K'�f)�uvϛ���-'�� $/2`)=Y��$���V���>w�2���y6 �3!������ہ7$�ȁ�����.����Qn+
T��Q�r�q6�4'+2�>IV������a��'H�O�4�M&�4��R▒v{��▒�gPB��7�
��*"$5�4_Q=\�s
��O��j�4<�K�����hYY
Sމ�Z��4��IUȋ�|�W?U�B�r�@x1g�\�������_▒k���U��CM�6�=�� y�w?�~2�z��MO=(�>R����K��:��k�Qe8��a�
�*謥��^oF�c�� q���H�1�)+���>P\v�S%�ɻ�۷��餰,|�������bmf3q��Mщ�)w����m�=�=z�g/�U(�M�W���� ��V~c)C�ofȠ����Mg��6RLX2� ���[<��I���Y�vl���38�=�,b�n~���BI>��
,����=�J�HG~hD�14�l�\�W4nQ��K'Ӥ~▒0_.{x�"�ʚ���Ҝd��m�����)��{7č�«��`/���P�yo��BM��Jgn��2r���▒^ϰ`�7��%�▒�z���lY��S����B��▒�����<��z�ߧ,fQp�?���<��V����<�L�������!]�K6������+R�iݍ<:��-�������`�������H�F�5_8c�=D��ɬ�NC�▒8�3 9���6�A���+��p�▒=�_цS��oo���3#i�PR$�ę���L�o�ߏ������w����o���]�P
9�g��)�3�^,to��5L)�?=|J���0�[� ���� ������������Ő
;��<.|p�����%.�>@▒��▒��0��:nM1Y�X�gP��v4{)b�>Փi�d5��ݹ#j�[��LڂLU���d�?�)�Ia�k�
�O���vb37sԸ~�vJc�%N���▒�=�\@073]��6���e�~ �z�S��T�4��.���T�"�&UK�1�-#
#▒�i^���#{��@9+D/'?,��"�"����j�hH`��P1vEGF'9|���P3�6��1['F�����6�Z�U�܌�Ϲ������,D��ƘfBNʁ�����N|K��CLV-���)2�*��L ��G!�SLi�N��"S��2-���X����$�▒�Jݛ�M5����sȫ�Ӝ~D���,��Ts?Ը��ǹ���q���h鞹�6ʃ�?k�ٸ���ʖ�'c��_(1�oo�*��
�X�*E� ��▒��6g<��A~*�F�*�`Ec�O���5B�Hk�Gos�$�� ���l#D��sȿ�~R���c��x[��iڵfOd'�.'F�N E�R��n�Y�� J��3?��33��}CF��%��`�kv=����;����������,�R���=���T
���E܊���q$��|�:���Rd*,
�7+\(�)▒��"��w{�1b�7_�7�q�=�V���3����%ۥ�`!�����5{~i���!�L�]`�]������h&�6��BS�|�▒��PԐK6Ŕu���xy@J���$y▒��e��ݜ�r$��:�gX� ��
G��Z%��<�
:��g����yV�M]��Vf����i�L�u#�&ZR�7٬.׳?L6>�D�▒GC�:jЂ��}��=��T�k�@I]j5�}0Ļ�_�zW5E��f3c�ᦩ�a��Ozݏ������:�Dr%[+��*2lk���X�齲g/$�%��g�Z"g��x�
���#� K�_p����?w�Fu�cp�A�tL[��#��Ƴ���wv..ک!�5��nH�mwQ!2�
�(���k�}�N l�E������*�9�<u2����_0�Y���4�`▒�w�j:6�ek�{OXr���/��?d��mH�m�3�EM`��om�x��۽��>���Ihe�X��N�tz�xb�(X�1��oPZ�ɱ�ݿQ��{▒�%�xV��۵G�{TbJ;=l��J�Q�/��,��??r)SՒ98UU��jߗc-�?4���6�[�$�J��S��ۿv��P��u$��4+�2ʾ�$�oI�[=lI���a6�ȁ
u-)E��f� �Ƙ�p��~��L�]wPP�J��O1#�{"@Ip�I�2��Di�����T�m�Gf�rSa���w�����l��e����0b��n���%����(��xN�]��
���LN�|�r1�7�6��8������<D�_o��kV�Jx�#���[�����딭��E�����O.x�s�薲�Ҋ����I��t�.�RF�L�V¡G�D�5c
%�0d�������^b�C�EX��I��,S��)o��8/�-��ďRj$�e0G�rx70yJ{��|Ƞ��ÒX 5��a���C�2�����{�5���8+�dm)��Z�R��
|�q����E▒�C��[�qX2R^{X�����WH fU�����B�|��������j��n�c�����`����yq�� ����������E�0�Mhr��Xw��<Ͱ�[ �N�iޑ2KYl��A���)�#pJ_�)�]�PJoZP�EW��-"���D��Yq5� �G^xu�,-ҏ����i�o}2��j��Ֆ�����[:ˇ52��)"t jh�y��========== G7w8LIi6J3kTb8A7j9LgrywtEUlyyp6s
ǎ��a��;)��=�\��CEznc�a=��2[Q:�7�·▒�4�x����k[z\e+ ԋK�/�+
VcM�w�l���M�>8=6�+(�gl/�hc�r�h�<�6)�v��Ǵ�;�S��B%h�D W�K��l��Ƽ��Fi��ell���Q9z-▒(/�ȗ���-���5)(�z�mY6�xs�("P��OLh���A�s d�1��gL�@^%{��+�9����bN�J���2���9�
�Djh�Wǣ�ͻ�/���▒0J|Y]�����sl(�t�^�>�P�����▒�StVҦ\D���9Lv��1�6�؞���������L=�$?%96
��M�9��囸F�r���.GD#�+<Es�+�Z�C�{�[
�d��0 �ݪj<���3��5~�M��Lp��u�Eu ��%j�4?��
x�pH����+�YґD-���'�z�;$ ��=����^��▒@?x�s�2���SF6����
B���-��d�t)����U@:fA49f!��83�9�^/�▒C��o�HG�נQ�J^�����?a���d-��:
¥n%▒�V��V ��&�k�f�NrI�2���Z��P@߃_8�89���i�+x.i�R�Қ��L��U����:k<��<�U�Y�����ENJ�ů�>�����~�ni7B�
�sI ��D���
��+ji��=r=_%ɴ�fpb��jE��tI��(/��C� _H�6A��Kem��▒P��Ѝm;I��"E��������t��Kl��2�sCD���=Ϩ�솃v�L�����7 ��SF ٽ��I��k6*�����h�FS�{�Q▒�;��H%n���ۀ�2XNcD[��r��c>��[,o"b��Q��QH����i�h�|����Л���^�;���g����lN���T�!�%o��DBtwa���t]{P�Ϣ��"��a9~$w����Ü<��)���>.Tp��@o�L�@w�e
���k�,�FG�[C����ld�!�°\��
����-q�}x6~E��MqO����{�0���Ѻ�� ����R�<���q���N��,���
%U
�R�_O�KݮKC�++�A1����d�=q�u���O(�?6�
ݮS˗^�^t|d������������(�thZ��=uea��ҩ[D�[�/��f�<=�]os▒8�?$f��av1�.2j��zڷ/?���gu��x�&����� k���aH�$M�kY{?�`g}�\~2▒���P����V?�x�)��v���*�Ҋ7Cmpie�m��
��5tKW��pI���1�3�~�o5��~�U��!���'A��$���"�q�\cR4H��ras�З�Є�k[0����
Hs���5�`h��B�����
�▒�lg#����▒��L��r�_
9'Z�u�
�]3�����׃_q���O5�'�1�k���H�]Y����ӄ�ե��=f�Qg R�;��d���uu��o�R�g
�V�ʈ��� ���σ%�R�y| |�Lka�isqH�A�Qe>fC�C��S����T�rX�V^ο�ҽ-�i���'�z}�CҼ%R��H5��▒B��▒�BA�k��~}hO����e��e�Ah����ܡ:F�����S�D�o�ϲY߆R"DC▒����ĺe�M�xRq�@��
�B|?9h(���s���R��Y�%Ø3�ŀ$��-�рxN��)���g�?�
b�/�И?�q��9�i�K��p��>�^QMG/�\J�& �a�_m�����RҨX�q��"�zl=4 �K������.e��y���q'��%N���T��,��qFh31���aXbۮ��j�q���o��wFU����F�=�G��)�p���F<�N=�gg0/��j8\�� ���#qF~K��y^��?�HeU� �6�!��f����&�x<A&���gN�j�|�
��lHZ��y;u_ nN�+�<t�▒맦�%��-nLo�q�
bandit9@bandit:~$strings -h
Usage: strings [option(s)] [file(s)]
Display printable strings in [file(s)] (stdin by default)
The options are:
-a - --all Scan the entire file, not just the data section [default]
-d --data Only scan the data sections in the file
-f --print-file-name Print the name of the file before each string
-n <number> Locate & print any sequence of at least <number>
--bytes=<number> displayable characters. (The default is 4).
-t --radix={o,d,x} Print the location of the string in base 8, 10 or 16
-w --include-all-whitespace Include all whitespace as valid string characters
-o An alias for --radix=o
-T --target=<BFDNAME> Specify the binary file format
-e --encoding={s,S,b,l,B,L} Select character size and endianness:
s = 7-bit, S = 8-bit, {b,l} = 16-bit, {B,L} = 32-bit
--unicode={default|show|invalid|hex|escape|highlight}
-U {d|s|i|x|e|h} Specify how to treat UTF-8 encoded unicode characters
-s --output-separator=<string> String used to separate strings in output.
@<file> Read options from <file>
-h --help Display this information
-v -V --version Print the program's version number
strings: supported targets: elf64-x86-64 elf32-i386 elf32-iamcu elf32-x86-64 pei-i386 pe-x86-64 pei-x86-64 elf64-little elf64-big elf32-little elf32-big pe-bigobj-x86-64 pe-i386 pdb srec symbolsrec verilog tekhex binary ihex plugin
Report bugs to <https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/> bandit9@bandit:~$ strings data.txt | grep "="
Level 10 → Level 11
base64 --help
Usage: base64 [OPTION]... [FILE]
Base64 encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-d, --decode decode data
-i, --ignore-garbage when decoding, ignore non-alphabet characters
-w, --wrap=COLS wrap encoded lines after COLS character (default 76).
Use 0 to disable line wrapping
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC 4648.
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of
the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage to attempt to recover
from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream.
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/base64>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) base64 invocation'
bandit10@bandit:~$ base64 --decode data.txt- Đầu tiên sử dụng lệnh cat data.txt để xem nội dung têp data.txt
Đưa mã VGhlIHBhc3N3b3JkIGlzIDZ6UGV6aUxkUjJSS05kTllGTmI2blZDS3pwaGxYSEJNCg== cần decode lên CyberChef để giải mã.
https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/#recipe=From_Base64('A-Za-z0-9%2B/%3D',true,false)&input=VkdobElIQmhjM04zYjNKa0lHbHpJRFo2VUdWNmFVeGtVakpTUzA1a1RsbEdUbUkyYmxaRFMzcHdhR3hZU0VKTkNnPT0&ieol=CRLFLevel 11 → Level 12
The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt, where all lowercase (a-z) and uppercase (A-Z) letters have been rotated by 13 positions
SSH: ssh bandit11@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: 6zPeziLdR2RKNdNYFNb6nVCKzphlXHBM
bandit11@bandit:~$ cat data.txt Gur cnffjbeq vf WIAOOSFzMjXXBC0KoSKBbJ8puQm5lIEi
https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/#recipe=ROT13(true,true,false,13)&input=R3VyIGNuZmZqYmVxIHZmIFdJQU9PU0Z6TWpYWEJDMEtvU0tCYko4cHVRbTVsSUVp&ieol=CRLF&oeol=CRLF
man tr
NAME
tr - translate or delete characters
SYNOPSIS
tr [OPTION]... STRING1 [STRING2]
DESCRIPTION
Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output. STRING1 and STRING2 specify arrays of characters ARRAY1 and ARRAY2 that control
the action.
-c, -C, --complement
use the complement of ARRAY1
-d, --delete
delete characters in ARRAY1, do not translate
-s, --squeeze-repeats
replace each sequence of a repeated character that is listed in the last specified ARRAY, with a single occurrence of that character
-t, --truncate-set1
first truncate ARRAY1 to length of ARRAY2
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
...ROT13 ("rotate by 13 places") là một phương pháp "mã hoá" đơn giản bằng việc thay thế 1 chữ cái bằng chữ cách nó 13 chữ cái trong bảng chữ cái tiếng Anh. Lý do có số 13 là bởi bảng chữ cái tiếng Anh gồm 26 chữ, và nhờ vậy mà để giải mã các ký tự đã bị đảo đi, người ta chỉ cần dịch nó đi tiếp 13 chữ là thu được kết quả ban đầu.Hãy chia bảng chữ cái làm đôi và xếp cạnh nhau, ta có:a b c d e f g h i j k l mn o p q r s t u v w x y zROT13 chỉ việc thay một chữ cái bằng chữ tương ứng ở nửa bên kia (a - n, b - o, ... m - z).
bandit11@bandit:~$ cat data.txt | tr "A-Za-z" "N-ZA-Mn-za-m" The password is JVNBBFSmZwKKOP0XbFXOoW8chDz5yVRv
Level 12 → Level 13
The password for the next level is stored in the file data.txt, which is a hexdump of a file that has been repeatedly compressed. For this level it may be useful to create a directory under /tmp in which you can work using mkdir. For example: mkdir /tmp/myname123. Then copy the datafile using cp, and rename it using mv (read the manpages!)
Level Answer
1. Login
SSH: ssh bandit12@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: JVNBBFSmZwKKOP0XbFXOoW8chDz5yVRv
bandit12@bandit:~$ mkdir /tmp/mt-tec1 bandit12@bandit:~$ cp data.txt /tmp/mt-tec1 bandit12@bandit:~$ cd /tmp/mt-tec1 bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ ls -l total 4 -rw-r----- 1 bandit12 bandit12 2582 Apr 12 04:00 data.txt
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ cat data.txt
00000000: 1f8b 0808 6855 1e65 0203 6461 7461 322e ....hU.e..data2.
00000010: 6269 6e00 013d 02c2 fd42 5a68 3931 4159 bin..=...BZh91AY
00000020: 2653 5948 1b32 0200 0019 ffff faee cff7 &SYH.2..........
00000030: f6ff e4f7 bfbc ffff bff7 ffb9 39ff 7ffb ............9...
00000040: bd31 eeff b9fb fbbb b9bf f77f b001 3b2c .1............;,
00000050: d100 0d03 d200 6868 0d00 0069 a00d 0340 ......hh...i...@
00000060: 1a68 00d0 0d01 a1a0 0001 a680 0003 46d4 .h............F.
00000070: 6434 3234 611a 340d 07a4 c351 068f 5000 d424a.4....Q..P.
00000080: 069a 0680 0000 0006 8006 8da4 681a 6868 ............h.hh
00000090: 0d06 8d00 6834 3400 d07a 9a00 01a0 0341 ....h44..z.....A
000000a0: ea1e a190 da40 3d10 ca68 3468 6800 00c8 .....@=..h4hh...
000000b0: 1a1a 1b50 0683 d434 d069 a0d0 3100 d000 ...P...4.i..1...
000000c0: 001e a680 00d0 1a00 d0d0 6864 d0c4 d0d0 ..........hd....
000000d0: 000c 8641 7440 0108 032e 86b4 4cf0 22bb ...At@......L.".
000000e0: 6682 2b7e b3e2 e98d aa74 dacc 0284 330d f.+~.....t....3.
000000f0: bbb2 9494 d332 d933 642a 3538 d27e 09ce .....2.3d*58.~..
00000100: 53da 185a 505e aada 6c75 59a2 b342 0572 S..ZP^..luY..B.r
00000110: 249a 4600 5021 25b0 1973 c18a 6881 1bef $.F.P!%..s..h...
00000120: 3f9b 1429 5b1d 3d87 68b5 804f 1d28 42fa ?..)[.=.h..O.(B.
00000130: 16c2 3241 98fb 8229 e274 5a63 fe92 3aca ..2A...).tZc..:.
00000140: 70c3 a329 d21f 41e0 5a10 08cb 888f 30df p..)..A.Z.....0.
00000150: f3da ce85 418b 0379 6a65 cfa2 eeb7 9f01 ....A..yje......
00000160: 782c da0e 288b e0c3 fe13 7af5 45ab 2b22 x,..(.....z.E.+"
00000170: a432 bf2f e32d b9e6 1465 2296 d805 a45e .2./.-...e"....^
00000180: d1c1 eacb 7483 6aac ca0e cf24 8864 bd40 ....t.j....$.d.@
00000190: 118c 644a 1dc6 a127 375c b7a6 c124 bdae ..dJ...'7\...$..
000001a0: 6d31 63a0 a223 3ea0 61d4 bdf0 450f 56fb m1c..#>.a...E.V.
000001b0: a546 8d34 08a2 4f1d 43d3 9063 404d dd43 .F.4..O.C..c@M.C
000001c0: b4f2 e65d bcb7 5932 0f5e 6802 3892 a988 ...]..Y2.^h.8...
000001d0: 443d 8e89 7e09 4fb0 499d ee4e 4470 46c0 D=..~.O.I..NDpF.
000001e0: 2ba6 7c62 234a 7f76 151b aec0 23ee 4a97 +.|b#J.v....#.J.
000001f0: bc64 e34c de8a 5724 a1c3 9b89 cd96 1879 .d.L..W$.......y
00000200: d560 0cbb 5c26 09e4 efaf 5b94 402a 7780 .`..\&....[.@*w.
00000210: 4d87 30ce b8a3 946e 72c1 a643 1db7 a060 M.0....nr..C...`
00000220: 6524 629c 0c7e 8e7b e0f8 820c d5cb 60a0 e$b..~.{......`.
00000230: 003c a584 d4c1 61ef eb02 3f65 3a54 a3a2 .<....a...?e:T..
00000240: a565 c154 34c2 b162 d206 1ff8 bb92 29c2 .e.T4..b......).
00000250: 8482 40d9 9010 b3a9 e478 3d02 0000 ..@......x=...
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$xxd không thực sự là một trình soạn thảo hex, nó chỉ hiển thị hex. Tuy nhiên, chúng tôi có thể sử dụng nó để chuyển đổi tệp thành hex, chỉnh sửa chúng bằng trình soạn thảo văn bản yêu thích của chúng tôi, sau đó chuyển đổi tệp trở lại định dạng chính xác.
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ xxd -r data.txt > solution bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ ls data.txt solution bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ file solution solution: gzip compressed data, was "data2.bin", last modified: Thu Oct 5 06:19:20 2023, max compression, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 573
1. Sử dụng lệnh file, xác định định dạng của tệp này.
2. Sử dụng lệnh mv để thay đổi loại tệp bằng cách đổi tên nó thành phần mở rộng định dạng tệp cụ thể đó.
3. Sử dụng công cụ thích hợp để giải nén/giải nén các tệp (trong trường hợp này, gzip hoặc gunzip, bzip2 và tar đóng một vai trò quan trọng).
4. Lặp lại các bước 1-3 cho đến khi bạn nhận được tệp.
bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ file solution solution: gzip compressed data, was "data2.bin", last modified: Thu Oct 5 06:19:20 2023, max compression, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 573 bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ mv solution solution.gz bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ gunzip solution.gz bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ file solution solution: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ mv solution solution.bz2 bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ bzip2 -d solution.bz2 bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ file solution solution: gzip compressed data, was "data4.bin", last modified: Thu Oct 5 06:19:20 2023, max compression, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 20480 bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ mv solution solution.gz bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ gunzip solution.gz bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ file solution solution: POSIX tar archive (GNU) bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ mv solution solution.tar bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ tar xvf solution.tar data5.bin data5.bin bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ file data5.bin data5.bin: POSIX tar archive (GNU) bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ mv data5.bin data5.tar bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ tar xvf data5.tar data6.bin data6.bin bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ file data6.bin data6.bin: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ mv data6.bin data6.bz2 bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ bzip2 -d data6.bz2 bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ file data6 data6: POSIX tar archive (GNU) bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ mv data6 data6.tar bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ tar xvf data6.tar data8.bin data8.bin bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ file data8.bin data8.bin: gzip compressed data, was "data9.bin", last modified: Thu Oct 5 06:19:20 2023, max compression, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 49 bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ mv data8.bin data8.gz bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ gzip -d data8.gz bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ file data8 data8: ASCII text bandit12@bandit:/tmp/mt-tec1$ cat data8 The password is wbWdlBxEir4CaE8LaPhauuOo6pwRmrDw
Level 13 → Level 14
The password for the next level is stored in /etc/bandit_pass/bandit14 and can only be read by user bandit14. For this level, you don’t get the next password, but you get a private SSH key that can be used to log into the next level. Note: localhost is a hostname that refers to the machine you are working on
1. Login
SSH: ssh bandit13@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: wbWdlBxEir4CaE8LaPhauuOo6pwRmrDw
ls -l
3. Xem thử nội dung của tệp sshkey.private (bước này có thể bỏ qua)
cat sshkey.private
4. Đăng nhập với mật mã khóa công khai.
ssh -i {privatekey_file} {username}@{server} -p {port_no}Thông tin về lệnh SSH với cú pháp man ssh:
Ở những level trước chúng ta mới chỉ đăng nhập vào SSH bằng mật khẩu. Một giải pháp thay thế cho mật khẩu là sử dụng mật mã khóa công khai (public-key cryptography). Khóa chung được đặt trên những máy sẽ cho phép người dùng sở hữu khóa riêng truy cập (máy chủ từ xa). Giống như mật khẩu, điều quan trọng là chỉ người dùng mới biết/sở hữu khóa riêng.
Như vậy ở level này mục đích là ta sẽ đăng nhập vào server bandit 14 khi ta đang ở server bandit 13 mà không cần password SSH chỉ cần mã khóa công khai.
Như vậy áp dụng lệnh SSH tham số[-i identity_file] ta sẽ đăng nhập vào bandit14 như sau:
ssh -i sshkey.private bandit14@localhost -p 2220
whoami
cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit14
Nội dung:
┌┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ whoami
kali
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ ssh bandit13@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220
_ _ _ _
| |__ __ _ _ __ __| (_) |_
| '_ \ / _` | '_ \ / _` | | __|
| |_) | (_| | | | | (_| | | |_
|_.__/ \__,_|_| |_|\__,_|_|\__|
This is an OverTheWire game server.
More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
bandit13@bandit.labs.overthewire.org's password:
,----.. ,----, .---.
/ / \ ,/ .`| /. ./|
/ . : ,` .' : .--'. ' ;
. / ;. \ ; ; / /__./ \ : |
. ; / ` ; .'___,/ ,' .--'. ' \' .
; | ; \ ; | | : | /___/ \ | ' '
| : | ; | ' ; |.'; ; ; \ \; :
. | ' ' ' : `----' | | \ ; ` |
' ; \; / | ' : ; . \ .\ ;
\ \ ', / | | ' \ \ ' \ |
; : / ' : | : ' |--"
\ \ .' ; |.' \ \ ;
www. `---` ver '---' he '---" ire.org
Welcome to OverTheWire!
If you find any problems, please report them to the #wargames channel on
discord or IRC.
--[ Playing the games ]--
This machine might hold several wargames.
If you are playing "somegame", then:
* USERNAMES are somegame0, somegame1, ...
* Most LEVELS are stored in /somegame/.
* PASSWORDS for each level are stored in /etc/somegame_pass/.
Write-access to homedirectories is disabled. It is advised to create a
working directory with a hard-to-guess name in /tmp/. You can use the
command "mktemp -d" in order to generate a random and hard to guess
directory in /tmp/. Read-access to both /tmp/ is disabled and to /proc
restricted so that users cannot snoop on eachother. Files and directories
with easily guessable or short names will be periodically deleted! The /tmp
directory is regularly wiped.
Please play nice:
* don't leave orphan processes running
* don't leave exploit-files laying around
* don't annoy other players
* don't post passwords or spoilers
* again, DONT POST SPOILERS!
This includes writeups of your solution on your blog or website!
--[ Tips ]--
This machine has a 64bit processor and many security-features enabled
by default, although ASLR has been switched off. The following
compiler flags might be interesting:
-m32 compile for 32bit
-fno-stack-protector disable ProPolice
-Wl,-z,norelro disable relro
In addition, the execstack tool can be used to flag the stack as
executable on ELF binaries.
Finally, network-access is limited for most levels by a local
firewall.
--[ Tools ]--
For your convenience we have installed a few useful tools which you can find
in the following locations:
* gef (https://github.com/hugsy/gef) in /opt/gef/
* pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg) in /opt/pwndbg/
* peda (https://github.com/longld/peda.git) in /opt/peda/
* gdbinit (https://github.com/gdbinit/Gdbinit) in /opt/gdbinit/
* pwntools (https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools)
* radare2 (http://www.radare.org/)
--[ More information ]--
For more information regarding individual wargames, visit
http://www.overthewire.org/wargames/
For support, questions or comments, contact us on discord or IRC.
Enjoy your stay!
bandit13@bandit:~$ whoami
bandit13
bandit13@bandit:~$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-r----- 1 bandit14 bandit13 1679 Oct 5 2023 sshkey.private
bandit13@bandit:~$ cat sshkey.private
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
bandit13@bandit:~$ ssh -i sshkey.private bandit14@localhost -p 2220
The authenticity of host '[localhost]:2220 ([127.0.0.1]:2220)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:C2ihUBV7ihnV1wUXRb4RrEcLfXC5CXlhmAAM/urerLY.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Could not create directory '/home/bandit13/.ssh' (Permission denied).
Failed to add the host to the list of known hosts (/home/bandit13/.ssh/known_hosts).
_ _ _ _
| |__ __ _ _ __ __| (_) |_
| '_ \ / _` | '_ \ / _` | | __|
| |_) | (_| | | | | (_| | | |_
|_.__/ \__,_|_| |_|\__,_|_|\__|
This is an OverTheWire game server.
More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
!!! You are trying to log into this SSH server with a password on port 2220 from localhost.
!!! Connecting from localhost is blocked to conserve resources.
!!! Please log out and log in again.
,----.. ,----, .---.
/ / \ ,/ .`| /. ./|
/ . : ,` .' : .--'. ' ;
. / ;. \ ; ; / /__./ \ : |
. ; / ` ; .'___,/ ,' .--'. ' \' .
; | ; \ ; | | : | /___/ \ | ' '
| : | ; | ' ; |.'; ; ; \ \; :
. | ' ' ' : `----' | | \ ; ` |
' ; \; / | ' : ; . \ .\ ;
\ \ ', / | | ' \ \ ' \ |
; : / ' : | : ' |--"
\ \ .' ; |.' \ \ ;
www. `---` ver '---' he '---" ire.org
Welcome to OverTheWire!
If you find any problems, please report them to the #wargames channel on
discord or IRC.
--[ Playing the games ]--
This machine might hold several wargames.
If you are playing "somegame", then:
* USERNAMES are somegame0, somegame1, ...
* Most LEVELS are stored in /somegame/.
* PASSWORDS for each level are stored in /etc/somegame_pass/.
Write-access to homedirectories is disabled. It is advised to create a
working directory with a hard-to-guess name in /tmp/. You can use the
command "mktemp -d" in order to generate a random and hard to guess
directory in /tmp/. Read-access to both /tmp/ is disabled and to /proc
restricted so that users cannot snoop on eachother. Files and directories
with easily guessable or short names will be periodically deleted! The /tmp
directory is regularly wiped.
Please play nice:
* don't leave orphan processes running
* don't leave exploit-files laying around
* don't annoy other players
* don't post passwords or spoilers
* again, DONT POST SPOILERS!
This includes writeups of your solution on your blog or website!
--[ Tips ]--
This machine has a 64bit processor and many security-features enabled
by default, although ASLR has been switched off. The following
compiler flags might be interesting:
-m32 compile for 32bit
-fno-stack-protector disable ProPolice
-Wl,-z,norelro disable relro
In addition, the execstack tool can be used to flag the stack as
executable on ELF binaries.
Finally, network-access is limited for most levels by a local
firewall.
--[ Tools ]--
For your convenience we have installed a few useful tools which you can find
in the following locations:
* gef (https://github.com/hugsy/gef) in /opt/gef/
* pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg) in /opt/pwndbg/
* peda (https://github.com/longld/peda.git) in /opt/peda/
* gdbinit (https://github.com/gdbinit/Gdbinit) in /opt/gdbinit/
* pwntools (https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools)
* radare2 (http://www.radare.org/)
--[ More information ]--
For more information regarding individual wargames, visit
http://www.overthewire.org/wargames/
For support, questions or comments, contact us on discord or IRC.
Enjoy your stay!
bandit14@bandit:~$ whoami
bandit14
bandit14@bandit:~$ cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit14
fGrHPx402xGC7U7rXKDaxiWFTOiF0ENq
bandit14@bandit:~$Level 14 → Level 15
The password for the next level can be retrieved by submitting the password of the current level to port 30000 on localhost.
Sau khi đọc yêu cầu của câu hỏi, tôi nghĩ ngay đến việc đăng nhập Telnet hoặc nc. Cái gọi là gửi mật khẩu chính là sao chép khóa bí mật khi đăng nhập qua Telnet.
Level Answer
1. Login
SSH: ssh bandit14@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: fGrHPx402xGC7U7rXKDaxiWFTOiF0ENq
bandit14@bandit:~$ telnet localhost 30000 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. fGrHPx402xGC7U7rXKDaxiWFTOiF0ENq Correct! jN2kgmIXJ6fShzhT2avhotn4Zcka6tnt Connection closed by foreign host.
bandit14@bandit:~$ cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit14 | nc localhost 30000 Correct! jN2kgmIXJ6fShzhT2avhotn4Zcka6tnt
Nội dung:
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ ssh bandit14@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220
_ _ _ _
| |__ __ _ _ __ __| (_) |_
| '_ \ / _` | '_ \ / _` | | __|
| |_) | (_| | | | | (_| | | |_
|_.__/ \__,_|_| |_|\__,_|_|\__|
This is an OverTheWire game server.
More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
bandit14@bandit.labs.overthewire.org's password:
,----.. ,----, .---.
/ / \ ,/ .`| /. ./|
/ . : ,` .' : .--'. ' ;
. / ;. \ ; ; / /__./ \ : |
. ; / ` ; .'___,/ ,' .--'. ' \' .
; | ; \ ; | | : | /___/ \ | ' '
| : | ; | ' ; |.'; ; ; \ \; :
. | ' ' ' : `----' | | \ ; ` |
' ; \; / | ' : ; . \ .\ ;
\ \ ', / | | ' \ \ ' \ |
; : / ' : | : ' |--"
\ \ .' ; |.' \ \ ;
www. `---` ver '---' he '---" ire.org
Welcome to OverTheWire!
If you find any problems, please report them to the #wargames channel on
discord or IRC.
--[ Playing the games ]--
This machine might hold several wargames.
If you are playing "somegame", then:
* USERNAMES are somegame0, somegame1, ...
* Most LEVELS are stored in /somegame/.
* PASSWORDS for each level are stored in /etc/somegame_pass/.
Write-access to homedirectories is disabled. It is advised to create a
working directory with a hard-to-guess name in /tmp/. You can use the
command "mktemp -d" in order to generate a random and hard to guess
directory in /tmp/. Read-access to both /tmp/ is disabled and to /proc
restricted so that users cannot snoop on eachother. Files and directories
with easily guessable or short names will be periodically deleted! The /tmp
directory is regularly wiped.
Please play nice:
* don't leave orphan processes running
* don't leave exploit-files laying around
* don't annoy other players
* don't post passwords or spoilers
* again, DONT POST SPOILERS!
This includes writeups of your solution on your blog or website!
--[ Tips ]--
This machine has a 64bit processor and many security-features enabled
by default, although ASLR has been switched off. The following
compiler flags might be interesting:
-m32 compile for 32bit
-fno-stack-protector disable ProPolice
-Wl,-z,norelro disable relro
In addition, the execstack tool can be used to flag the stack as
executable on ELF binaries.
Finally, network-access is limited for most levels by a local
firewall.
--[ Tools ]--
For your convenience we have installed a few useful tools which you can find
in the following locations:
* gef (https://github.com/hugsy/gef) in /opt/gef/
* pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg) in /opt/pwndbg/
* peda (https://github.com/longld/peda.git) in /opt/peda/
* gdbinit (https://github.com/gdbinit/Gdbinit) in /opt/gdbinit/
* pwntools (https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools)
* radare2 (http://www.radare.org/)
--[ More information ]--
For more information regarding individual wargames, visit
http://www.overthewire.org/wargames/
For support, questions or comments, contact us on discord or IRC.
Enjoy your stay!
bandit14@bandit:~$ telnet localhost 30000
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
fGrHPx402xGC7U7rXKDaxiWFTOiF0ENq
Correct!
jN2kgmIXJ6fShzhT2avhotn4Zcka6tnt
Connection closed by foreign host.
bandit14@bandit:~$ cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit14 | nc localhost 30000
Correct!
jN2kgmIXJ6fShzhT2avhotn4Zcka6tnt
bandit14@bandit:~$Level 15 → Level 16
The password for the next level can be retrieved by submitting the password of the current level to port 30001 on localhost using SSL encryption.Helpful note: Getting “HEARTBEATING” and “Read R BLOCK”? Use -ign_eof and read the “CONNECTED COMMANDS” section in the manpage. Next to ‘R’ and ‘Q’, the ‘B’ command also works in this version of that command…
Với level này tôi sẽ sử dụng openssl để tìm password như gợi ý của câu hỏi.
Level Answer
1. Login
SSH: ssh bandit15@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: jN2kgmIXJ6fShzhT2avhotn4Zcka6tnt
Nội dung:
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ ssh bandit15@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220
_ _ _ _
| |__ __ _ _ __ __| (_) |_
| '_ \ / _` | '_ \ / _` | | __|
| |_) | (_| | | | | (_| | | |_
|_.__/ \__,_|_| |_|\__,_|_|\__|
This is an OverTheWire game server.
More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames
bandit15@bandit.labs.overthewire.org's password:
,----.. ,----, .---.
/ / \ ,/ .`| /. ./|
/ . : ,` .' : .--'. ' ;
. / ;. \ ; ; / /__./ \ : |
. ; / ` ; .'___,/ ,' .--'. ' \' .
; | ; \ ; | | : | /___/ \ | ' '
| : | ; | ' ; |.'; ; ; \ \; :
. | ' ' ' : `----' | | \ ; ` |
' ; \; / | ' : ; . \ .\ ;
\ \ ', / | | ' \ \ ' \ |
; : / ' : | : ' |--"
\ \ .' ; |.' \ \ ;
www. `---` ver '---' he '---" ire.org
Welcome to OverTheWire!
If you find any problems, please report them to the #wargames channel on
discord or IRC.
--[ Playing the games ]--
This machine might hold several wargames.
If you are playing "somegame", then:
* USERNAMES are somegame0, somegame1, ...
* Most LEVELS are stored in /somegame/.
* PASSWORDS for each level are stored in /etc/somegame_pass/.
Write-access to homedirectories is disabled. It is advised to create a
working directory with a hard-to-guess name in /tmp/. You can use the
command "mktemp -d" in order to generate a random and hard to guess
directory in /tmp/. Read-access to both /tmp/ is disabled and to /proc
restricted so that users cannot snoop on eachother. Files and directories
with easily guessable or short names will be periodically deleted! The /tmp
directory is regularly wiped.
Please play nice:
* don't leave orphan processes running
* don't leave exploit-files laying around
* don't annoy other players
* don't post passwords or spoilers
* again, DONT POST SPOILERS!
This includes writeups of your solution on your blog or website!
--[ Tips ]--
This machine has a 64bit processor and many security-features enabled
by default, although ASLR has been switched off. The following
compiler flags might be interesting:
-m32 compile for 32bit
-fno-stack-protector disable ProPolice
-Wl,-z,norelro disable relro
In addition, the execstack tool can be used to flag the stack as
executable on ELF binaries.
Finally, network-access is limited for most levels by a local
firewall.
--[ Tools ]--
For your convenience we have installed a few useful tools which you can find
in the following locations:
* gef (https://github.com/hugsy/gef) in /opt/gef/
* pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg) in /opt/pwndbg/
* peda (https://github.com/longld/peda.git) in /opt/peda/
* gdbinit (https://github.com/gdbinit/Gdbinit) in /opt/gdbinit/
* pwntools (https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools)
* radare2 (http://www.radare.org/)
--[ More information ]--
For more information regarding individual wargames, visit
http://www.overthewire.org/wargames/
For support, questions or comments, contact us on discord or IRC.
Enjoy your stay!
bandit15@bandit:~$ openssl s_client -connect localhost:30001
CONNECTED(00000003)
Can't use SSL_get_servername
depth=0 CN = localhost
verify error:num=18:self-signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 CN = localhost
verify error:num=10:certificate has expired
notAfter=Apr 15 16:30:42 2024 GMT
verify return:1
depth=0 CN = localhost
notAfter=Apr 15 16:30:42 2024 GMT
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
0 s:CN = localhost
i:CN = localhost
a:PKEY: rsaEncryption, 2048 (bit); sigalg: RSA-SHA1
v:NotBefore: Apr 15 16:29:42 2024 GMT; NotAfter: Apr 15 16:30:42 2024 GMT
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDCzCCAfOgAwIBAgIEE4vgyjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADAUMRIwEAYDVQQDDAls
b2NhbGhvc3QwHhcNMjQwNDE1MTYyOTQyWhcNMjQwNDE1MTYzMDQyWjAUMRIwEAYD
VQQDDAlsb2NhbGhvc3QwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQCQ
2tKWEgOWtcocZzoACzYvlOcQJ7cnhKuPtRbi5XkWAgcfIVERreFcbs5PoS90l0zb
7lKXrpI6v+wvJXwXQYGWeYG2YMxzQPWprvIlE5+gV+woIyjSb+uQiqYTnwxqZd8v
P8AF4f0IVS+xBnGxZpKOYWsc6ZLiJ7g+uOgXMn75j3yprga4WQu4YEQuyTqM6nXi
b5sxs2MaoPT4PVPmTwozgWWCvGvWJiHU9H2VfkhpbgOWEm7Z84xLgFjTlJruszZt
KGs/wH7x5pNno6zfaXH4BmgQFhhRit1Ul3o2i95kw6YGCqQMcNLIM99Js67J4G3d
dvW7IOrzlnuFEe7q8YXjAgMBAAGjZTBjMBQGA1UdEQQNMAuCCWxvY2FsaG9zdDBL
BglghkgBhvhCAQ0EPhY8QXV0b21hdGljYWxseSBnZW5lcmF0ZWQgYnkgTmNhdC4g
U2VlIGh0dHBzOi8vbm1hcC5vcmcvbmNhdC8uMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4IBAQA2
ju1J79ZnGhyxAO6SI4Rl/VKoSTnxTPc3qmm/UEWtzPJmnJLlsnVIxd9IvGMkp9Gp
9JTeb4jJkqkpms4ph2m64wJGWr/yehQ+wbubzo+a6huAHlhbrl60540TySlBvvvy
dCcmvf7H232MRULmJZu8PzFV1S6djQlvxQy5SMugpQM6A5IJv/+9sW3Upfg1Wohf
KVURwURoBQSnIHelymt2YlF9PkeYmPFvTKX9GoyLYIZOgk7aQ0sOek7HQocVuy5M
3CVYrYRwaxkycyaBwL3qdN/af4GWkiTfcXmci52sgQdBH/ZWCIBRpRc5l2WZHh3q
TuVl/callwJshJSwLIv8
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=CN = localhost
issuer=CN = localhost
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA256
Peer signature type: RSA-PSS
Server Temp Key: X25519, 253 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 1339 bytes and written 373 bytes
Verification error: certificate has expired
---
New, TLSv1.3, Cipher is TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
Early data was not sent
Verify return code: 10 (certificate has expired)
---
---
Post-Handshake New Session Ticket arrived:
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.3
Cipher : TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Session-ID: C2C393D497F4B73D1517A9B05AD49768BC364C38D6C2B3CDAA121006ACEC4AC5
Session-ID-ctx:
Resumption PSK: 1B5811EEA8F0F9CF35CA4A4FB951E18D4C324B35E4FC56FADF852A7FB53ACC34798876BA0A4C770421821FFFC23BE00C
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 7200 (seconds)
TLS session ticket:
0000 - ea 43 05 0e 9c ae 8f fd-2b 1a 49 1e cb 3a dd bf .C......+.I..:..
0010 - 1d 35 fd 37 ed 06 8c 72-19 ae 5a b6 95 8f 15 43 .5.7...r..Z....C
0020 - 00 37 62 a2 d8 22 e3 4f-12 49 c3 4b 8f ac fe 93 .7b..".O.I.K....
0030 - 2f f6 c1 a9 55 62 f9 63-0e ea 0b fa d8 15 ea 25 /...Ub.c.......%
0040 - 17 a4 d8 9c 9b 83 c7 ac-5c 12 02 7e c9 9b f1 cb ........\..~....
0050 - 5b 44 41 20 89 7d 02 3c-80 35 e1 f0 ce ec aa 3f [DA .}.<.5.....?
0060 - 50 e8 f8 39 30 c0 35 1f-40 0b 16 80 70 df cd 06 P..90.5.@...p...
0070 - fe 72 ff 1f df a1 67 f2-bf 02 22 39 aa f3 f3 ed .r....g..."9....
0080 - 55 bb b4 91 ed 80 07 63-15 48 aa 5c e6 0b 04 0e U......c.H.\....
0090 - 2a 16 72 1a b9 2a ae 13-26 72 e5 ad 30 98 65 39 *.r..*..&r..0.e9
00a0 - bb c5 e0 3d 64 d6 92 7d-6a 21 97 d1 91 74 52 e8 ...=d..}j!...tR.
00b0 - 9a c0 88 a7 c3 e5 7c af-ca d3 4e 16 86 fb ff d2 ......|...N.....
00c0 - 99 57 68 08 e0 e1 58 39-c1 ad 58 36 db 02 89 12 .Wh...X9..X6....
Start Time: 1713247323
Timeout : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 10 (certificate has expired)
Extended master secret: no
Max Early Data: 0
---
read R BLOCK
---
Post-Handshake New Session Ticket arrived:
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.3
Cipher : TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Session-ID: 50AEE343A277FAA3756EF7B1CB0FCADE00952C7E9B00EE24DB44FE5CC0148124
Session-ID-ctx:
Resumption PSK: A3EBD08EAF03228F821E81E7E366BA0B1FA89C451541253E2BACCD87AFEDB8622C37DA1A28075955A91733DC4E569A13
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 7200 (seconds)
TLS session ticket:
0000 - ea 43 05 0e 9c ae 8f fd-2b 1a 49 1e cb 3a dd bf .C......+.I..:..
0010 - 74 db 6e 28 29 53 99 c9-55 97 ce bd 87 36 40 cc t.n()S..U....6@.
0020 - 37 18 cb ba 3a 09 4f bb-45 c1 04 de 5d 3e ff d0 7...:.O.E...]>..
0030 - 0f 25 c6 5a a1 b2 08 6b-b3 d7 db 1d 8b 11 6e bc .%.Z...k......n.
0040 - 06 f7 d5 ca c9 72 3c 96-bb 03 dc 9d 4c 8c 8e b1 .....r<.....L...
0050 - 97 6c e5 15 55 64 f8 51-f0 ad da e3 53 a3 14 13 .l..Ud.Q....S...
0060 - 32 1a 99 a2 62 6e a6 31-94 ef 48 75 37 ab eb 36 2...bn.1..Hu7..6
0070 - 95 d0 9f e8 17 b2 9d 44-48 3b 96 93 18 09 59 79 .......DH;....Yy
0080 - 15 24 9a 54 79 e1 87 90-23 7e 3c 02 ae 35 e7 15 .$.Ty...#~<..5..
0090 - 93 0e 07 f1 db 58 d4 af-04 2d 58 89 fb 94 f4 e7 .....X...-X.....
00a0 - 7a 39 c2 35 73 ca be 27-f2 9f ba 86 4c 63 5f a2 z9.5s..'....Lc_.
00b0 - a5 06 6a 49 db a0 f5 f2-bd b8 72 6f e3 b8 4b e4 ..jI......ro..K.
00c0 - 31 0d ed 28 8e dc 9b 17-5c 62 c0 c7 3c 0d fa 59 1..(....\b..<..Y
Start Time: 1713247323
Timeout : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 10 (certificate has expired)
Extended master secret: no
Max Early Data: 0
---
read R BLOCK
jN2kgmIXJ6fShzhT2avhotn4Zcka6tnt
Correct!
JQttfApK4SeyHwDlI9SXGR50qclOAil1
closed
bandit15@bandit:~$Level 15 → Level 16
The credentials for the next level can be retrieved by submitting the password of the current level to a port on localhost in the range 31000 to 32000. First find out which of these ports have a server listening on them. Then find out which of those speak SSL and which don’t. There is only 1 server that will give the next credentials, the others will simply send back to you whatever you send to it.
Level Answer
1. Login
SSH: ssh bandit16@bandit.labs.overthewire.org -p 2220 Password: JQttfApK4SeyHwDlI9SXGR50qclOAil1
bandit16@bandit:~$ nmap localhost -p 31000-32000 Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-04-16 09:45 UTC Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1) Host is up (0.00010s latency). Not shown: 996 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 31046/tcp open unknown 31518/tcp open unknown 31691/tcp open unknown 31790/tcp open unknown 31960/tcp open unknown Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.06 seconds
bandit16@bandit:~$ echo test | nc -v localhost 31046 Connection to localhost (127.0.0.1) 31046 port [tcp/*] succeeded! test ^C bandit16@bandit:~$ echo test | nc -v localhost 31518 Connection to localhost (127.0.0.1) 31518 port [tcp/*] succeeded! bandit16@bandit:~$ echo test | nc -v localhost 31691 Connection to localhost (127.0.0.1) 31691 port [tcp/*] succeeded! test ^C bandit16@bandit:~$ echo test | nc -v localhost 31790 Connection to localhost (127.0.0.1) 31790 port [tcp/*] succeeded! bandit16@bandit:~$ echo test | nc -v localhost 31960 Connection to localhost (127.0.0.1) 31960 port [tcp/*] succeeded! test ^C bandit16@bandit:~$



















































































